9 клас Семестровий тест з читання

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Reading Comprehension Test II

Read the text and put “ +” to the true sentences and “ -” to the false ones

V-1

                                                    Northern Ireland

 Northern Ireland is one of the four countries in the United Kingdom, with England, Scotland and Wales. It is to the north of the Republic of Ireland, on an island next to Great Britain. Around 1.8 million people live in Northern Ireland, which is about three per cent of the population of the UK. The capital city is Belfast. Another name for Northern Ireland is ‘Ulster’ or ‘The Six Counties’ because it is made up of six regions or counties.

          In Northern Ireland you can find beautiful beaches, forests and mountains. You can visit the Giant’s Causeway, a UNESCO World Heritage Site: here, about 40,000 columns were formed after a volcanic eruption. Most of them are hexagonal and some of them are 12m tall. Films and TV series such as Dracula Untold and Game of Thrones are filmed in Northern Ireland.

           Northern Ireland was a place of conflict between people who wanted to be part of the Republic of Ireland, people who wanted to be part of the UK and people who wanted Northern Ireland to be a separate country. In the 1990s there was an important peace process and the violence and conflict stopped. The Northern Ireland Assembly and the UK Parliament decide on the laws in Northern Ireland.

Nearly everyone in Northern Ireland speaks English. A small number of people speak Irish Gaelic, an old Celtic language which is very different from English. The other regional language is Ulster Scots, a variation of English which is spoken in Northern Ireland and is similar to Scots spoken in Scotland.

             St Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland and Northern Ireland. St Patrick’s Day, on 17 March, is a very important celebration in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland with parades, concerts, music and dancing. Another important symbol is the shamrock, a green plant with three leaves. It is the symbol of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

1.Northern Ireland is in the island of  Great Britain.

2. Another name for Northern Ireland is ‘Ulster’.

3. The Giant’s Causeway was created by a volcano.

4. Three languages are spoken in Northern Ireland

5. The Irish celebrate St. Patrick’s Day with music, parades and dancing.

6. A shamrock  is the symbol of only Northern Ireland.

II. Answer the questions

1.     Where is Northern Ireland located?

2.     What is the population of the country?

3.     What is the capital of Northern Ireland?

4.     What is special about the Giant’s  Causeway?

5.     What is the cause of conflicts between people in 1990s?

6.     What languages do people of Northern Ireland speak?

Reading Comprehension Test II

Read the text and put “ +” to the true sentences and “ -” to the false ones

V-2

                                     Penicillin: Who Found This Functional Fungus

June 6, 2014 by KIDS DISCOVER

Alexander_Fleming

           The first name for penicillin was “mould juice.” Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered the antibiotic in 1928, when he came back from a vacation and found that a green mold called Pennicilium notatum had contaminated Petri dishes in his lab … and were killing some of the bacteria he’d been growing.

         So he isolated the mold, grew more of it, and then experimented to see how many other bacteria it could kill. Lots of them, it turned out. We now know that penicillin works by preventing bacteria from forming new cell walls. No new walls, no new cells, no new bacterial growth.

         If you lived back then, almost a century ago, you could die from a scratch if it got infected. Or a dental procedure. Or a deep cut. Or any of the many, many things that can happen, whether you’re working in the backyard, making dinner, or fighting in battle.

          And that’s partly why Fleming was so keen on finding a way to control infections. As a captain in the Royal Medical Corps during World War I, he’d worked in battlefield hospitals in France, where soldiers died from infected wounds. So he made it his goal to find antibacterial substances.

            When he did find P. notatum, he didn’t formally name it penicillin until March 7, 1929. He wasn’t able to produce enough to help all the people who needed it, but he did publish his research.

      In 1938, Oxford Pathologist Howard Florey discovered Fleming’s research and expanded on it, working with a biochemist named Ernst Boris Chain, who had fled Germany. British biochemist Norman Heatley further developed the work, vigorously growing and purifying penicillin.

           After much research and experimentation — as well as a trip to the United States, where Florey and Heatley worked with American scientists — an injectable, mass-produced form of penicillin was ready by 1942. That was just in time to help soldiers wounded in World War II.

         The numbers prove the point: Bacterial pneumonia killed 18 percent of fallen soldiers in WWI, but in WWII it killed less than 1 percent of soldiers. Penicillin went on to change the way we treat illness and wounds … and it all started with “mould juice”!

1.     Alexander_Fleming discovered penicillin due to numerous experiments.

2.     Penicillin prevents bacteria from forming new cell walls.

3.     People could die from a little scratch before discovering penicillin.

4.     Fleming worked in the soldiers’ hospital in England during the WWI.

5.     The biochemist Norman Heatley further developed the work and purified penicillin.

6.     Discovery of penicillin didn’t change the way of treating to infectious deseases.

II. Answer the questions

1.     How was penicillin called at first?

2.     How did Alexander_Fleming discover penicillin?

3.     What goals did  Alexander_Fleming have having discovered penicillin?

4.     When was the substance named penicillin officially?

5.     Who developed the research of penicillin?

6.     How did it influence the number of deaths from bacterial pneumonia?